Integrated through-silicon-via-based inductor design in buck converter for improved efficiency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2023.6.09Keywords:
through-silicon-via-based inductor, 3D integration, buck converter, efficiencyAbstract
Introduction. Through-silicon-via (TSV) is one of the most important components of 3D integrated circuits. Similar to two-dimensional circuits, the performance evaluation of 3D circuits depends on both the quality factor and inductance. Therefore, accurate TSV-inductor modeling is required for the design and analysis of 3D integrated circuits. Aim. This work proposes the equivalent circuit model of the TSV-inductor to derive the relations that determine both the quality factor and the inductance by Y-parameters. Methods. The model developed was simulated using MATLAB software, and it was used to evaluate the effect of redistribution lines width, TSV radius, and the number of turns on inductance and quality factor. Additionally, a comparative study was presented between TSV-based inductors and conventional inductors (i.e., spiral and racetrack inductors). Results. These studies show that replacing conventional inductors with TSV-inductors improved the quality factor by 64 % compared to a spiral inductor and 60 % compared to a racetrack inductor. Furthermore, the area of the TSV-inductor was reduced up to 1.2 mm². Using a PSIM simulator, the application of an integrated TSV-inductor in a buck converter was studied, and the simulation gave very good results in 3D integration compared to 2D integration. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated that using a TSV-inductor in a buck converter could increase its efficiency by up to 15 % and 6 % compared to spiral and racetrack inductors, respectively.
References
Namoune A., Taleb R., Mansour N. Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo in high frequency. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 2020, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1746-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i4.12139.
Namoune A., Taleb R., Derrouazin A., Belboula A., Hamid A. Integrated square shape inductor with magnetic core in a buck converter DC-DC. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 2019, vol. 95, no. 9, pp. 57-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2019.09.11.
Baazouzi K., Bensalah A.D., Drid S., Chrifi-Alaoui L. Passivity voltage based control of the boost power converter used in photovoltaic system. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2022, no. 2, pp. 11-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2022.2.02.
Mimouni A., Laribi S., Sebaa M., Allaoui T., Bengharbi A. A. Fault diagnosis of power converters in a grid connected photovoltaic system using artificial neural networks. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2023, no. 1, pp. 25-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2023.1.04.
Hamdi R., Hadri Hamida A., Bennis O. On modeling and real-time simulation of a robust adaptive controller applied to a multicellular power converter. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2022, no. 6, pp. 48-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2022.6.08.
Benzidane M.R., Melati R., Benyamina M., Meskine S., Spiteri P., Boukortt A., Adda Benattia T. Miniaturization and Optimization of a DC–DC Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Application by Designing an Integrated Dual-Layer Inductor Model. Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, 2022, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 462-475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42341-021-00370-9.
Wang F., Ren R., Yin X., Yu N., Yang Y. A transformer with high coupling coefficient and small area based on TSV. Integration, 2021, vol. 81, pp. 211-220. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2021.07.003.
Zhi C., Dong G., Zhu Z., Yang Y. A TSV-Based 3-D Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure on an Interposer for Noise Suppression. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2022, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 147-154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCPMT.2021.3131317.
Wu H., Dong G., Xiong W., Zhi C., Li S., Zhu Z., Yang Y. Accurate Magnetic Coupling Coefficient Modeling of 3-D Transformer Based on TSV. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2022, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1419-1422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2022.3195193.
Zhang B., Xiong Y.-Z., Wang L., Hu S., Shi J., Zhuang Y.-Q., Li L.-W., Yuan X. 3D TSV transformer design for DC-DC/AC-DC converter. 2010 Proceedings 60th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 2010, pp. 1653-1656. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTC.2010.5490761.
Bontzios Y.I., Dimopoulos M.G., Hatzopoulos A.A. Prospects of 3D inductors on through silicon vias processes for 3D ICs. 2011 IEEE/IFIP 19th International Conference on VLSI and System-on-Chip, 2011, pp. 90-93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSISoC.2011.6081657.
Feng Z., Lueck M.R., Temple D.S., Steer M.B. High-Performance Solenoidal RF Transformers on High-Resistivity Silicon Substrates for 3D Integrated Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2012, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 2066-2072. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2195026.
Tida U.R., Zhuo C., Shi Y. Through-silicon-via inductor: Is it real or just a fantasy? 2014 19th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), 2014, pp. 837-842. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ASPDAC.2014.6742994.
Xiong W., Dong G., Zhu Z., Yang Y. Compact and Physics-Based Modeling of 3-D Inductor Based on Through Silicon Via. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2021, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 1559-1562. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2021.3107320.
Namoune A., Taleb R., Benzidane M.R. Design and simulation of integrated spiral inductor a boost converter for photovoltaic application. Ingeniería Energética, 2023, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
Liu Y., Zhu Z., Liu X., Lu Q., Yin X., Yang Y. Physics based scalable inductance model for three-dimensional solenoid inductors. Microelectronics Journal, 2020, vol. 103, art. no. 104867. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2020.104867.
Chen B., Zhuo C., Shi Y. A physics-aware methodology for equivalent circuit model extraction of TSV-inductors. Integration, 2018, vol. 63, pp. 160-166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2018.07.002.
Namoune A., Taleb R., Mansour N., Belboula A. Design and modeling of integrated octagonal shape inductor with substrate silicon in a buck converter. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI), 2019, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 527-534. doi: https://doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v7i3.942.
Pulijala V., Syed A. Comparison of the effects of 60 nm and 96 nm thick patterned permalloy thin films on the performance of on-chip spiral inductors. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2016, vol. 419, pp. 245-248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.06.031.
Meere R., Wang N., O’Donnell T., Kulkarni S., Roy S., O’Mathuna S.C. Magnetic-Core and Air-Core Inductors on Silicon: A Performance Comparison up to 100 MHz. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2011, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 4429-4432. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2011.2158519.
Anthony R., Wang N., Casey D.P., O'Mathuna C., Rohan J.F. MEMS based fabrication of high-frequency integrated inductors on Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite substrates. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2016, vol. 406, pp. 89-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.12.099.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 A. Namoune, R. Taleb, N. Mansour, M. R. Benzidane, A. Boukortt
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.